Koṣṭha - Vyavāyī - Vikāsī - Dravya - Dravyaguṇa - Proteinuria - Parasitosis - Vaidya - Dīpaniya - Pācana - Rochana - Bhedanīya - Kledana - Śoṣaṇa

 Koṣṭha (कोष्ठ) se refiere a "el intestino" o "las vísceras". El término se usa en toda la literatura ayurvédica, como Suśruta-saṃhitā y Caraka-saṃhitā. Se dice que Koṣṭha es una de las tres “vías de enfermedades” (rogamārga). Espacio o área cerrado, típicamente indicativo de las cavidades abdominal, torácica y pélvica, Fisiológicamente es indicativo de tracto gastrointestinal. Según el predominio del dosha, según la capacidad de agni y según las deposiciones, el kostha de un individuo puede clasificarse como Krura (deposiciones duras), mrdu (deposiciones blandas) y madhya (deposiciones normales).

Vyavāyī (व्यवायी):—Quality due to which a substance permeates all over the body before getting digested; caused due to activated Vayu & akash; e. g. Cannabis sativa.

Vikāsī (विकासी):—Property of a substance by virtue of which it gets distributed all over the body without passing through routine digestive process and causes depletion of ojas & displaces tissues from their physiological places.

Dravya means “substance” or “material” and guna means “quality”. In Ayurvedic medicine, “dravya-guna” is the study of herbal medicine via the specific qualities of each herb. Based on these qualities, Ayurveda classifies herbs according to four categories:

1. rasa (or "taste"),
2. virya (or "potency"),
3. vipaka (or "post-digestive effect"),
4. prabhava (or "special action").

Source: PMC: The scientific basis of rasa (taste)

Dravyaguṇa (द्रव्यगुण, “pharmacology”), the Ayurvedic science of medicine in its all aspects, uses rasa (taste) of the substance as the primary tool to assess the pharmacological behavior of any substance.

There are five concepts of the substance, namely:

1. rasa (taste),
2. guṇa (properties),
3. vīrya (potency),
4. vipāka (rasa after digestion and metabolism)
5. and prabhāva (specific pharmacological effect),

—which determine and explain the pharmacological behavior of a substance.

These five principles are nothing but manifestations of five mahābhūtas in specific states of activation. Therefore, these principles do indicate the structural and consequent activity of any substance.

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Dravyaguṇa (द्रव्यगुण):—1. Science that deals with substances used for health benefits in all their aspects like properties, actions, uses, sources, processing, quality, etc. 2. Branch of Ayurveda.

Proteinuria     Parasitosis

Vaidya (वैद्य) refers to a “medical practitioner who completed his medical education”.—Knowledge of the principles of aetiology of disease, treatment and application of drugs can be obtained by training and practicing the subject under the able guidance of a preceptor. Suśruta says that one who practices medicine after having received education from the preceptors, and having regularly meditated upon the same, is a physician in the true sense. Those without formal education are designated as charlatans. Caraka categorically states that a medical practitioner comes to be known as a “vaidya” only on the completion of his medical education

Dīpaniya (दीपनिय) is the Sanskrit name for a group of medicinal plants, classified as “promoting appetite and digestion”, and originally composed by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna IV. The name is derived from the word dīpa, translating to “light”. It is a technical term used throughout Āyurveda. Examples of plants pertaining to this category include Pippalī (Piper longum), Chavya (Piper chava), Śṛṅgavera (dry ginger), Marica (Piper nigrum), Ajāmodā (Apium involucrata) and Bhallātakī (Semacarpus anacardium). The collection of herbs named Dīpaniya is one of the fifty Mahākaṣāya.

1) Pācana (पाचन) refers to “cooking”, mentioned in verse 4.27 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] the humours are sometimes irritated after having been subdued by fasting and cooking [viz., laṅghana-pācana]; with those, however, which (have been) purged by purgatives, no (such) reappearance (takes place)”.

Note: laṅghana-pācana (“fasting and cooking”) has been reproduced by smyuṅ daṅ bźu byas, which is best turned “having made a fast and aided digestion”, both smyuṅ and bźu being elliptical terminatives dependent upon byas (lit. “having made [oneself] to fast and [the humours] to be digested”). For bźu, the future of źu-ba, CD read gźu, which seems to be an alternative spelling, though it is not otherwise attested as such.

2) Pācana (पाचन) also refers to “(causative of) digestion”, as mentioned in verse 5.16-17.—Accordingly, “[...] hot (water is) promotive (and) causative of digestion [viz., pācana], conducive to the throat, light (on the stomach, and) purgative of the bladder; it is commended for hiccup, inflation, wind, phlegm, a recently purged (man), new fever, cough, indigestion, catarrh, dyspnea, and pain in the costal region”.

Note: Pācana (“causative of digestion”) has been paraphrased by zas ’ju (“digests food”).

Source: Studies in India Cultural History: Indian Science of Cosmetics and Perfumery

Pācana (पाचन, “ripening”).—One of the processes for manufacturing cosmetics and perfumes mentioned by Gaṅgādhara;—Pācana means ripening or decoction of materials after they have undergone the process of infusion (bhāvana). It is followed by bodha (reviving the scent).

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

1) Pācana (पाचन):—Digestion; The process of digestive / metablic transformation occuring mainly because of the action of Agni.

2) 1. Digestives; substances having capacity to digest but not necessarily increases the apetite; 2. Wound Suppuration

Rochana [ରୋଚନ] (NO CUADRA CON EL SENTIDO QUE SE LE DA EN EL TEXTO)in the Odia language is the name of a plant identified with Caesalpinia bonduc (L.)Roxb. from the Caesalpiniaceae (Gulmohar) family having the following synonyms: Caesalpinia crista, Caesalpinia bonducella, Guilandina bonduc. For the possible medicinal usage of rochana, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.

Bhedanīya (भेदनीय) is the Sanskrit name for a group of medicinal plants, classified as “promoting exrection”, and originally composed by Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna IV. The name is derived from the word bheda, translating to “bursting”. It is a technical term used throughout Āyurveda. Examples of plants pertaining to this category include Arka (Asclepias gigantia), Chitrā (Rubia mañjiṣṭhā), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica) and Svarṇakṣīrinī (Polanisia felina). The collection of herbs named Bhedanīya is one of the fifty Mahākaṣāya.

Kledana (क्लेदन) refers to “moistening” and is the action (karma) associated with Snigdha (“oily”): one of the twenty Śārīraguṇa (or Gurvādiguṇa), which refers to the “twenty qualities of the body”—where guṇa (property) represents one of the six divisions of dravya (drugs).—Śārīraka-guṇas are twenty in number. There are ten guṇas with their opposite guṇas. [...] Snigdha (“oily”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of water and the associated actions of “moistening/kledana”; while Rūkṣa (“dry”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of earth, fire, air and is associated with the action “absorbing/śoṣaṇa”.

Śoṣaṇa (शोषण) refers to “absorbing” and is the action (karma) associated with Rūkṣa (“dry”): one of the twenty Śārīraguṇa (or Gurvādiguṇa), which refers to the “twenty qualities of the body”—where guṇa (property) represents one of the six divisions of dravya (drugs).—Śārīraka-guṇas are twenty in number. There are ten guṇas with their opposite guṇas. [...] Snigdha (“oily”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of water and the associated actions of “moistening/kledana”; while Rūkṣa (“dry”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of earth, fire, air and is associated with the action “absorbing/śoṣaṇa”.

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Śoṣaṇa (शोषण) is another name for Śuṇṭhī, a medicinal plant identified with Zingiber officinale Rosc. or “ginger root” from the Zingiberaceae or “ginger” family of flowering plants, according to verse 6.24-26 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu.—Note: Śuṇṭhi is dried and specially prepared form of Ārdraka by removing the outer scales of the rhizome. The major part of the oil of ginger remains in these scales and is obtained from the Śuṇṭhī/Ārdraka with scales.—The sixth chapter (pippalyādi-varga) of this book enumerates ninety-five varieties of plants obtained from the market (paṇyauṣadhi). Together with the names Śoṣaṇa and Śuṇṭhī, there are a total of fifteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.